Menerapkan tidak memberikan antibiotik pada penyakit-penyakit karena virus susahnya minta ampun, karena dokter bergelar berderet-deret disini akan ber murah hati memberinya. Padahal kalo terlalu sering antibiotik, anak jadi malah gampang sakit, karena bakteri baiknya mati.

Memberi obat pada pilek ato batuk ato diare ternyata malah bikin badan anak tidak membentuk antibodi. Penyembuhan penyakit memerlukan proses, tidak ada yang instant, termasuk penyakit akibat virus. Diperlukan istirahat cukup dan makanan yang bergizi dan menjaga kebersihan. Karena pilek, batuk, dan diare merupakan mekanisme tubuh mengeluarkan racun. Kalo di mampetin, racunnya gak jadi keluar. masih di badan. Jadi apa .. gak tau deh..

Bukan kita anti pati pada antibiotik, tapi penggunaan antibitik yang rational yang kita butuhkan. Dikhawatirkan, ketika kita menderita penyakit yg memerlukan antibiotik, badan kita sudah kebal, sehingga memerlukan antibiotik yang super mahal, super keras, dan berkomplikasi pada anggota tubuh yang lain spt ginjal dan hati. OMG

Tugas berat buat kita - orang tua
Aku juga masih belajar. Dulu ketika di montreal, sebetulnya ada pengalaman berharga dengan 'rational use of drug' ini. Kita sering gelo, sudah anak sakit, ke dokter, tapi gak dapet obat. Batuk sampe gak bisa ngomong, masih ditanya, udah 3 minggu belum? kalo belum, suruh pulang dengan tangan kosong. Paling banter, kalo anak panas, kita dianjurkan mendekapnya 'skin to skin' ato di rendam dengan air hangat.

Tapi entahlah sekarang kemana semua pengalaman berharga itu pergi. Ketika bayi panas tinggi, sudah 3 hari, dengan diagnosa 'sore throats' .. kebingungan melanda, buku lupa dibaca, internet di rumah gak dipakai untuk cari tau, sementara botol antibiotik tersedia, karena di tebus dengan resep jaga-jaga oleh dokter .. dan yang terjadi adalah - pertahanan jebol.... Setelah dikasih besoknya anak mendingan, jadi tambah bingung dan merasa nyesel tentunya. Ini udah mendingan apa karena sudah waktunya mending ato karena obat ajaib si AB. ya padahal .. udah tau virus kok dikasih AB .. juga ..

Semoga lain kali (semoga sih pada sehat-sehat ya..) kita orang tua bahu membahu menggunakan akal - ilmu yang sudah dipelajari, ditengah kepanikan, menguatkan. Praktek memang lebih susah dari pada teori .Konsultasi ke dokter perlu, boleh, tapi keputusan pemberian obat ditangan kita.Banyak faktor, kenapa dokter yang berilmu disini, tetap mendewakan AB. Kita yang membayar, kita juga yang mesti pintar, ato kesehatan anak dan kita jadi taruhannya dimasa mendatang, jangan kita membayar, mereka memutuskan dan kita menanggungnya.

Some common diseases - Source : Web Site Mayeo Clinic

Common cold in babies
Definition
A common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract — your baby's nose and throat. Nasal congestion and a runny nose are the primary signs of common cold in babies. Babies are especially susceptible to the common cold, in part because they're often around other older children who don't always wash their hands. In fact, within the first two years of life, most babies have eight to 10 colds.

Treatment for the common cold in babies involves taking steps to ease their symptoms, such as providing plenty of fluids and keeping the air moist. Very young infants must see a doctor at the first sign of the common cold, because they're at greater risk of complications such as croup or pneumonia.

Symptoms
The first indication of the common cold in a baby is often:
* A congested or runny nose
* Nasal discharge that may be clear at first, but then usually becomes thicker and turns shades of yellow or green

Other signs of a common cold may include:
* A low-grade fever of about 100 F (37.8 C)
* Sneezing
* Coughing
* Decreased appetite
* Irritability
* Difficulty sleeping

When to see a doctor

Your baby's immune system will need time to conquer the cold. If your baby has a cold with no complications, it should resolve in seven to 10 days.

If your baby is younger than 2 to 3 months of age, call the doctor at the first sign of illness. For newborns, a common cold can quickly develop into croup, pneumonia or another serious illness. Even without such complications, a stuffy nose can make it difficult for your baby to nurse or drink from a bottle. This can lead to dehydration. As your baby gets older, your doctor can guide you on when your baby needs to be seen by a doctor and when you can treat his or her cold at home.

Most colds are simply a nuisance. But it's important to take your baby's signs and symptoms seriously. If your baby is age 3 months or older, call the doctor if he or she:
* Isn't wetting as many diapers as usual
* Has a temperature higher than 102 F (38.9 C) for one day
* Has a temperature higher than 101 F (38.3 C) for more than three days
* Seems to have ear pain
* Has red eyes or develops yellow eye discharge
* Has a cough for more than one week
* Has thick, green nasal discharge for more than two weeks
* Has any signs or symptoms that worry you

Seek medical help immediately if your baby:
* Refuses to nurse or accept fluids
* Coughs hard enough to cause vomiting or changes in skin color
* Coughs up blood-tinged sputum
* Has difficulty breathing or is bluish around the lips and mouth

Causes
The common cold is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by one of more than 100 viruses. The rhinovirus and coronavirus are common culprits, and are highly contagious. Other viruses that may cause a cold include enteroviruses and coxsackieviruses.

Once your baby has been infected by a virus, he or she generally becomes immune to that specific virus. But because there are so many viruses that cause colds, your baby may have several colds a year and many throughout his or her lifetime.

A common cold virus enters your baby's body through his or her mouth or nose. Your baby may be infected with such a virus by:
* Air. When someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks, they may directly spread the virus to your baby.
* Direct contact. The common cold can also spread when someone who is sick touches his or her mouth or nose, then touches your baby's hand. Your baby can then become infected by touching his or her own eyes, nose or mouth.
* Contaminated surfaces. Some viruses can live on surfaces for two hours or longer. Your baby may also catch a virus by touching a contaminated surface, such as a toy.
Risk factors
A few factors put infants at higher risk of common colds.
* Immature immune systems. Infants are, by nature, at risk of common colds because they haven't yet been exposed to nor developed resistance to most of the viruses that cause them.
* Exposure to other children. They also tend to spend lots of time with other children, and children aren't always careful about washing their hands and covering their coughs and sneezes. So, if your baby is in child care or has an older, school-age brother or sister in the house, these may increase your baby's risk of catching a cold.
* Time of year. Both children and adults are more susceptible to colds in fall and winter, when the air is dry. Children are in school and most people are spending a lot of time indoors, which can make germs easier to spread to one another.

Sore Throat
Definition
The dry scratchiness and painful swallowing that are the hallmarks of a sore throat can make you miserable. A sore throat — known medically as pharyngitis — is most often caused by a viral infection such as a cold or the flu (influenza). In many cases, a sore throat is the first sign that you're getting sick.

Sore throats are so common they're one of the main reasons people see a doctor. But many of those office visits aren't needed. In most cases, a sore throat is caused by a virus that soon goes away on its own. A sore throat is rarely caused by a bacterial infection that requires medical care or treatment with antibiotics. Until you're feeling better, over-the-counter medications and home treatments can help ease your symptoms.

Symptoms
Sore throat symptoms include:
* A dry, scratchy or swollen throat
* Pain when swallowing, breathing or talking
A sore throat usually occurs as a result of an infection that has its own additional symptoms. For example, if your sore throat is caused by a cold, you may also have coughing, fever, sneezing, body aches or a runny nose.

In most cases, the underlying cause of a sore throat — such as a cold or the flu — will get better on its own within a week. Less often, a sore throat is caused by something that needs treatment to get better.

Signs that your sore throat may have a more serious underlying cause — such as tonsillitis or strep throat — include:
* White patches or pus on your throat or tonsils
* Inability to swallow
* A sore throat that doesn't get better on its own or keeps coming back
* Vomiting
* Skin rash
* Headache
* Severe throat pain
* Swollen, red tonsils
* A high fever — over 101 F (38.3 C) in babies under age 6 months or 103 F (39.4 C) in older children and adults

When to see a doctor
Although uncomfortable, most sore throats aren't harmful and go away on their own in five to seven days. But sometimes they can signal a more serious condition.

See your doctor if you or a child has any of the following:
* A sore throat that is severe or lasts longer than a week
* Difficulty swallowing or breathing
* A fever over 101 F (38.3 C) in babies under age 6 months
* A fever over 103 F (39.4 C) in older children and adults
* Tender or swollen lymph nodes in the neck
* Pus or white patches at the back of the throat
* Skin rashes, which can be a sign of an underlying condition such as measles, meningitis or mono (infectious mononucleosis)
* Hoarseness or a cough that lasts longer than two weeks
* Blood in the saliva or phlegm
* Signs or symptoms of dehydration, such as sunken eyes, severe weakness and decreased urine output
* Contact with someone who has been diagnosed with strep throat
* Sore throats that get better but keep coming back
* Excessive drooling (in a young child)

Common Cold
Definition
The common cold is a viral infection of your upper respiratory tract — your nose and throat. A common cold is usually harmless, although it may not feel that way. If it's not a runny nose, sore throat and cough, it's the watery eyes, sneezing and congestion — or maybe all of the above. In fact, because any one of more than 200 viruses can cause a common cold, symptoms tend to vary greatly.

Most adults are likely to have a common cold two to four times a year. Children, especially preschoolers, may have a common cold as many as six to 10 times annually.

Most people recover from a common cold in about a week or two. If symptoms don't improve, see your doctor.

Symptoms
Symptoms of a common cold usually appear about one to three days after exposure to a cold virus. Signs and symptoms of a common cold may include:
* Runny or stuffy nose
* Itchy or sore throat
* Cough
* Congestion
* Slight body aches or a mild headache
* Sneezing
* Watery eyes
* Low-grade fever (up to 102 F, or 39 C)
* Mild fatigue

The discharge from your nose may become thicker and yellow or green in color as a common cold runs its course. What makes a cold different from other viral infections is that you generally won't have a high fever. You're also unlikely to experience significant fatigue from a common cold.

When to see a doctor
For adults — Seek medical attention if you have:
* Fever of 102 F (39 C) or higher
* High fever accompanied by achiness and fatigue
* Fever accompanied by sweating, chills and a cough with colored phlegm
* Significantly swollen glands
* Severe sinus pain

For children — In general, children are sicker with a common cold than adults are and often develop complications, such as ear infections. Your child doesn't need to see the doctor for a routine common cold. But seek medical attention right away if your child has any of the following signs or symptoms:

* Fever of 103 F (39.5 C) or higher, chills or sweating
* Fever that lasts more than three days
* Vomiting or abdominal pain
* Unusual sleepiness
* Severe headache
* Difficulty breathing
* Persistent crying
* Ear pain
* Persistent cough

Causes
Although more than 200 viruses can cause a common cold, the rhinovirus is the most common culprit, and it's highly contagious.

A cold virus enters your body through your mouth or nose. The virus can spread through droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. But it also spreads by hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold or by using shared objects, such as utensils, towels, toys or telephones. Touch your eyes, nose or mouth after such contact or exposure, and you're likely to "catch" a cold.

Risk factors
Cold viruses are almost always present in the environment. But the following factors can increase your chances of getting a cold:
Age. Infants and preschool children are especially susceptible to common colds because they haven't yet developed resistance to most of the viruses that cause them. But an immature immune system isn't the only thing that makes kids vulnerable. They also tend to spend lots of time with other children and frequently aren't careful about washing their hands and covering their coughs and sneezes. Colds in newborns can be problematic if they interfere with nursing or breathing through the nose.

Immunity. As you age, you develop immunity to many of the viruses that cause common colds. You'll have colds less frequently than you did as a child. However, you can still come down with a cold when you are exposed to cold viruses, have an allergic reaction that affects your nasal passages or have a weakened immune system. All of these factors increase your risk of a cold.

Time of year. Both children and adults are more susceptible to colds in fall and winter. That's because children are in school, and most people are spending a lot of time indoors. In places where there is no winter season, colds are more frequent in the rainy season.

Roseola
Definition
Roseola is a generally mild infection that usually affects children by age 2. It occasionally affects adults. Roseola is extremely common — so common that most children have been infected with roseola by the time they enter kindergarten.

Two common strains of the herpes virus cause roseola. The condition typically causes several days of fever, followed by a rash.

Some children develop only a very mild case of roseola and never show any clear indication of illness, while others experience the full range of symptoms.

Roseola typically isn't serious. Rarely, complications from a very high fever can result. Treatment of roseola includes bed rest, fluids and medications to reduce fever.

Symptoms
If your child is exposed to someone with roseola and becomes infected with the virus, it generally takes a week or two for signs and symptoms of infection to appear — if they appear at all. It's possible to become infected with roseola, but have signs and symptoms too mild to be readily noticeable. Roseola symptoms may include:

* Fever. Roseola typically starts with a sudden, high fever — often greater than 103 F (39.4 C). Some children may also have a slightly sore throat, runny nose or cough along with or preceding the fever. Your child may also develop swollen glands in his or her neck along with the fever. The fever lasts for three to seven days.
* Rash. Once the fever subsides, a rash typically appears — but not always. The rash consists of many small pink spots or patches. These spots are generally flat, but some may be raised. There may be a white ring around some of the spots. The rash usually starts on the chest, back and abdomen and then spreads to the neck and arms. It may or may not reach the legs and face. The rash, which isn't itchy or uncomfortable, can last from several hours to several days before fading.

Other signs and symptoms of roseola may include:
* Fatigue
* Irritability in infants and children
* Mild diarrhea
* Decreased appetite
* Swollen eyelids

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